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Narrative Text
Narrative text is story, mostly, narrative are imaginary stories but sometimes narratives can be factual too. Narrative text is to tell something in the past. Narrative includes fairy stories, fables, mystery, science, fictions any romance and horror.
Narrative have three elements, there are:
• Orientation is sets the scene and the participant
• Complication is crisis arias
• Resolution is include the crisis resolved for the better or worse.
Likes Recount text, Narrative text using verb II, too.
Characteristic of Narrative Text :
♥ Entertain the reader
♥ Structure of the text :
> Orientation
> Complication
> Resolution
♥ Other generic structure :
> Evaluation and coda
♥ Language features :
> Nouns, adjective, time conjuction and conjuctions, adverb and adverbial phrases, action
verbs, saying verbs.
Kind of Narrative Text :
♥ Myth
♥ Legend
♥ Fable
♥ Folklore
Example Narrative Text :
Now, the crocodile was very hungry, so when it was in the middle of the river, it stopped and said to the monkey, ”Monkey, my father is very sick. He must eat the heart of the monkey. Then he will be strong again.”
The monkey thought for a while. Then he told the crocodile to swim back to the river bank.
“What’s for?” asked the crocodile.
“Because I didn’t bring my heart with me,” said the monkey. “I left it under the tree, near some coconuts.”
So, the crocodile turned around and swam back to the bank of the river. As soon as they reached the river bank, the monkey jumped off the crocodile’s back and climbed up to the top of a tree.
“Where is your heart?” asked the crocodile.
“You are foolish,” the monkey said to the crocodile. “Now I am free and you have nothing.”
The monkey told the crocodile not to try to fool him again. The crocodile swam away, hungry.
Narrative have three elements, there are:
• Orientation is sets the scene and the participant
• Complication is crisis arias
• Resolution is include the crisis resolved for the better or worse.
Likes Recount text, Narrative text using verb II, too.
Characteristic of Narrative Text :
♥ Entertain the reader
♥ Structure of the text :
> Orientation
> Complication
> Resolution
♥ Other generic structure :
> Evaluation and coda
♥ Language features :
> Nouns, adjective, time conjuction and conjuctions, adverb and adverbial phrases, action
verbs, saying verbs.
Kind of Narrative Text :
♥ Myth
♥ Legend
♥ Fable
♥ Folklore
Example Narrative Text :
"Monkey and Crocodile"
One day a monkey wanted to cross a river. He saw a crocodile in the river, so he asked the crocodile to take him across the other side. The crocodile told the monkey to jump on its back. Then the crocodile swam down the river. Now, the crocodile was very hungry, so when it was in the middle of the river, it stopped and said to the monkey, ”Monkey, my father is very sick. He must eat the heart of the monkey. Then he will be strong again.”
The monkey thought for a while. Then he told the crocodile to swim back to the river bank.
“What’s for?” asked the crocodile.
“Because I didn’t bring my heart with me,” said the monkey. “I left it under the tree, near some coconuts.”
So, the crocodile turned around and swam back to the bank of the river. As soon as they reached the river bank, the monkey jumped off the crocodile’s back and climbed up to the top of a tree.
“Where is your heart?” asked the crocodile.
“You are foolish,” the monkey said to the crocodile. “Now I am free and you have nothing.”
The monkey told the crocodile not to try to fool him again. The crocodile swam away, hungry.
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Gratitude, Compliment, and Congratulation is a form of expression and feelings of pleasure to the assistance provided sayings, exprssion compliment with someone, and expression of pleased with the success of others.
Gratitude is an expression that we show or say to express grateful feeling to other people. When speaking English, you say “thanks” very often. Please say “thank you” when people give you something, help you do something, wish you something and give you a compliment etc.
GRATITUDE, COMPLIMENT, & CONGRATULATION
Gratitude is an expression that we show or say to express grateful feeling to other people. When speaking English, you say “thanks” very often. Please say “thank you” when people give you something, help you do something, wish you something and give you a compliment etc.
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SIMPLE FUTURE
Simple Future Tense used to express occurrence/activity to happened/to be done in the future,do 10 minutes or 1 hour to come ,tomorrow ,the day after tomorrow ,next week,next month ,next year,and so on.If past tenses express occurrence/activity after now ( time past ) ,tenses future simple express occurrence /activity before now.
( time future).
Positive Tenses
Pattern :
* S + will+ verb1+ O+ modifier
* S + ( is,are.am ) + going + verb1+ O+ modifier
* S + ( is,are,am ) + ( verb1 + ing ) + O + modifier
Example for positive tenses... let us look again: :
* Farmers in Jati Bali will grow rice crops next month
* Some students are going to conduct research on vegetative plant propagations next semester.
* Transpiration will start to increase tomorrow morning.
Negative Tense
Pattern :
* S + will + not + verb1+ O + modifier
* S +{ ( is,are,am ) going to }+ not +verb1 + O + modifier
* S + ( is,are,am ) + ( verb1 + ing ) + O + modifier
Example for negative tenses... let us look again: : :
* Farmers in Jati Bali will not grow rice crops next month
* Transpiration will not start to increase tonight
* He will not be very happy when he finds out.
Question
Pattern :
* Will + S + verb1+ O + modifier
* Will + S + { ( is,are,am ) going to }+ O + modifier
* Will + S + ( is,are,am ) + ( verb1 + ing ) + O + modifier
Example for question tenses... let us look again: : :
+ Will farmers in Jati in Bali grow rice crops next month ?
+ Will transpiration start to increase tomorrow morning ?
+ Will he be very happy when he finds out ?
( time future).
Positive Tenses
Pattern :
* S + will+ verb1+ O+ modifier
* S + ( is,are.am ) + going + verb1+ O+ modifier
* S + ( is,are,am ) + ( verb1 + ing ) + O + modifier
Example for positive tenses... let us look again: :
* Farmers in Jati Bali will grow rice crops next month
* Some students are going to conduct research on vegetative plant propagations next semester.
* Transpiration will start to increase tomorrow morning.
Negative Tense
Pattern :
* S + will + not + verb1+ O + modifier
* S +{ ( is,are,am ) going to }+ not +verb1 + O + modifier
* S + ( is,are,am ) + ( verb1 + ing ) + O + modifier
Example for negative tenses... let us look again: : :
* Farmers in Jati Bali will not grow rice crops next month
* Transpiration will not start to increase tonight
* He will not be very happy when he finds out.
Question
Pattern :
* Will + S + verb1+ O + modifier
* Will + S + { ( is,are,am ) going to }+ O + modifier
* Will + S + ( is,are,am ) + ( verb1 + ing ) + O + modifier
Example for question tenses... let us look again: : :
+ Will farmers in Jati in Bali grow rice crops next month ?
+ Will transpiration start to increase tomorrow morning ?
+ Will he be very happy when he finds out ?
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>,< to offer suggestions or possibility . Example:
Rio : Oh, no! I left my shorts.
William : Don’t worry, Rio. You could borrow my shorts.
Dimas : I’m having trouble with English.
Mazhar : Why don’t you ask Agnes? Perhaps she could help you.
>,< to indicate that the ability existed in the past but doesn’t exist now. Example:
Siska : Dhe, can you climb the durian tree?
Dhea : Well… I could climb durian tree when I was so young. But I think I’m too heavy to climb it.
Rika : Grandpa, what could you do when you were younger?
Grandpa : When I was younger, I could swim across the big river very well and faster.
>,< to express polite requests. Example:
* Could I borrow your book, please ?
* Could you lend me your cloth now ?
* Could you please close the window ?
* Could you pass the sugar ?
2. Would + Verb base
>,< for an action that was repeated regularly in the past. Example:
* When I was a child, I would visit my grandparents every weekend.
* On Sundays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing.
>,< insert rather into the pattern and use this expression to express preferences. Example:
Nalendro : What would you rather do in the weekend, go to the party or stay home?
Tommy : I would rather go to the party than stay home.
Riana : Which country would you rather visit?
Thesa : I would rather visit Italia than Somalia.
>,< to express polite requests. Example:
Arief : Would you mind cycling with me, Agra ?
Agra : No, not at all. It would be nice.
Trithalia : Would you please pass the helmet, Novina ?
Novina : No problem.
3. Should + Verb base
>,< to give definite advice (advisability). Example:
Nadya : Lina, you should study tonight. You will have English test tomorrow, won’t you?
Lina : I will, Nadya.
Ollyf : You should paint your door, Dimas. It looks terrible.
Dimas : Yes, I know I should.
>,< to express the subject’s obligation or duty: Example:
* You should practice for more than an hour. (to musical friend)
* They shouldn’t allow parking here; the street is too narrow.
* Application should be sent before March 25th.
4. Might + Verb base
>,< to tell possibilities. Example:
Thea : Where is Aulia ?
Yanty : He might be in the studio with Ollyf.
>,< To express polite requests
Example:
Deffi : Might I borrow your coat?
Dwi : I’m afraid not. It has been brought by Donny for weeks and I don’t know when he’ll return it.
So,,
When do we use modals ?
* To talk about someone's ability (or inability) to do something
example:
"We can find your house without the street plan."
"She can't have a daughter that old!"
* To talk about an action that is necessary (or impossible, or not necessary)
example:
"You must always have your driver's licence when you are driving your car."
"You needn't carry your passport around with you."
* To talk about a situation that is possible (or impossible)
example:
"Do be careful with that glass, the baby might knock it over"
MODALS IN THE PAST FORM
Present Form = Past Form
Can = Could
May = Might
Will = Would
Shall = Should
Must = -
Must = -
Ought to = -
Need = -
1. Could + Verb base>,< to offer suggestions or possibility . Example:
Rio : Oh, no! I left my shorts.
William : Don’t worry, Rio. You could borrow my shorts.
Dimas : I’m having trouble with English.
Mazhar : Why don’t you ask Agnes? Perhaps she could help you.
>,< to indicate that the ability existed in the past but doesn’t exist now. Example:
Siska : Dhe, can you climb the durian tree?
Dhea : Well… I could climb durian tree when I was so young. But I think I’m too heavy to climb it.
Rika : Grandpa, what could you do when you were younger?
Grandpa : When I was younger, I could swim across the big river very well and faster.
>,< to express polite requests. Example:
* Could I borrow your book, please ?
* Could you lend me your cloth now ?
* Could you please close the window ?
* Could you pass the sugar ?
2. Would + Verb base
>,< for an action that was repeated regularly in the past. Example:
* When I was a child, I would visit my grandparents every weekend.
* On Sundays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing.
>,< insert rather into the pattern and use this expression to express preferences. Example:
Nalendro : What would you rather do in the weekend, go to the party or stay home?
Tommy : I would rather go to the party than stay home.
Riana : Which country would you rather visit?
Thesa : I would rather visit Italia than Somalia.
>,< to express polite requests. Example:
Arief : Would you mind cycling with me, Agra ?
Agra : No, not at all. It would be nice.
Trithalia : Would you please pass the helmet, Novina ?
Novina : No problem.
3. Should + Verb base
>,< to give definite advice (advisability). Example:
Nadya : Lina, you should study tonight. You will have English test tomorrow, won’t you?
Lina : I will, Nadya.
Ollyf : You should paint your door, Dimas. It looks terrible.
Dimas : Yes, I know I should.
>,< to express the subject’s obligation or duty: Example:
* You should practice for more than an hour. (to musical friend)
* They shouldn’t allow parking here; the street is too narrow.
* Application should be sent before March 25th.
4. Might + Verb base
>,< to tell possibilities. Example:
Thea : Where is Aulia ?
Yanty : He might be in the studio with Ollyf.
>,< To express polite requests
Example:
Deffi : Might I borrow your coat?
Dwi : I’m afraid not. It has been brought by Donny for weeks and I don’t know when he’ll return it.
So,,
When do we use modals ?
* To talk about someone's ability (or inability) to do something
example:
"We can find your house without the street plan."
"She can't have a daughter that old!"
* To talk about an action that is necessary (or impossible, or not necessary)
example:
"You must always have your driver's licence when you are driving your car."
"You needn't carry your passport around with you."
* To talk about a situation that is possible (or impossible)
example:
"Do be careful with that glass, the baby might knock it over"
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Anyone know the word "Offering"..?? If I am.. know a little ,, therefore,, I'm so curious.. Let's find out..!!
The expression of “ Would you like….” is normally used for offering something to someone.
Antonio : Would you like a fried rice Fit ?
Nalendro : Yes, please. Thank you. Hmmm…that is my favourite food.
Antonio : Thank you. I’m glad you like it.
Ways to say it
* Would you like a cup of coffee, Daniel ?
* Should I get you a bottle of water ?
* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. Patrick ?
* Would you care some salad ?
Ofering to friends:
* Want some?
* Have some?
* Chocolate?
* Grab some for yourself ?
Less formal expressions:
* Would you like to have a pancake?
* Why don’t you have some lemonade?
* What can I get for you?
* What will you have?
Declining an offering
* No, thanks
* No, really won’t, thanks
* Not for me, thanks.
Accepting an offering:
* Thank you.
* Yes, please
* I’d like it very much
* That would be very nice
OFFERING
The expression of “ Would you like….” is normally used for offering something to someone.
Antonio : Would you like a fried rice Fit ?
Nalendro : Yes, please. Thank you. Hmmm…that is my favourite food.
Antonio : Thank you. I’m glad you like it.
Ways to say it
* Would you like a cup of coffee, Daniel ?
* Should I get you a bottle of water ?
* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. Patrick ?
* Would you care some salad ?
Ofering to friends:
* Want some?
* Have some?
* Chocolate?
* Grab some for yourself ?
Less formal expressions:
* Would you like to have a pancake?
* Why don’t you have some lemonade?
* What can I get for you?
* What will you have?
Declining an offering
* No, thanks
* No, really won’t, thanks
* Not for me, thanks.
Accepting an offering:
* Thank you.
* Yes, please
* I’d like it very much
* That would be very nice
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- To err is human or It is human to err.
- To become a well known writer was his life-long ambition or It was his lifelong ambition to become a well known writer.
- To invest all your money in shares is foolish or It is foolish to invest all your money in shares.
__When the real subject is a phrase that includes a gerund, it is used as a provisional subject to begin the sentence. So instead of saying ‘Your trying to fool us is no good’, we say, ‘It is no good your trying to fool us.’__
Note :: that it is possible to change the gerund into an infinitive. Example :
- It won’t be any good for me to complain to the manager.
- It is silly (for you) to throw away this opportunity.
- Will it be any good for me to talk to him about it?
__When the subject is a clause, the sentence usually begins with it. So instead of saying ‘That he was once a communist is true’, we say, ‘It is true that he was once a communist’.__
__Introductory it with seem, appear and look. Introductory it is also used with seem, appear and look when the subject is an infinitive phrase, a phrase with a gerund in it or a clause.__
- It looked doubtful whether she would come
- It seemed strange that she should behave like that.
- It seems possible that she may quit the job.
- It appeared unwise to offend him.
- It does not seem much good going on with the work.
__Introductory it as an object. It is sometimes used as the object of the verbs think, feel, deem, count, consider etc.__
- Don’t you think it dangerous to drive so carelessly?
- I consider it a privilege to have this opportunity of welcoming you.
- I think it odd that she doesn’t write to me these days.
- I think it a pity that she could not win.
- We think it improper that he should be so dictatorial.
- He made it clear what he wanted.
- I find it difficult to talk to him.
__Introductory it in questions. The introductory it is sometimes used in questions.__
- Who was it that broke the window?
==It is Peter who broke the window.
- Why was it that he stole the bread?
==It was because he was poor that he stole the bread.
- When was it that the manager came?
==It was at 10 am that the manager came.
INTRODUCTORY IT
Structure:
It + verb + subject complement + infinitive phrase (real subject)
It is easy to learn English = To learn English is easy
It is easy to find fault with others = To find fault with others is easy
It is difficult to know his motive = To know his motive is difficult
Note :: that when we wish to emphasize the infinitive phrase, it may be put at the beginning, especially when it is short. Example :- To err is human or It is human to err.
- To become a well known writer was his life-long ambition or It was his lifelong ambition to become a well known writer.
- To invest all your money in shares is foolish or It is foolish to invest all your money in shares.
__When the real subject is a phrase that includes a gerund, it is used as a provisional subject to begin the sentence. So instead of saying ‘Your trying to fool us is no good’, we say, ‘It is no good your trying to fool us.’__
It won’t be any good complaining to the manager = Complaining to the manager won’t be any good.
It is silly throwing away this opportunity = Throwing away this opportunity is silly.
Will it be any good my talking to him about it ? = Will my talking to him about it be any good ?
It is no fun having so many children to look after = Having so many children to look after is no fun.
- It won’t be any good for me to complain to the manager.
- It is silly (for you) to throw away this opportunity.
- Will it be any good for me to talk to him about it?
__When the subject is a clause, the sentence usually begins with it. So instead of saying ‘That he was once a communist is true’, we say, ‘It is true that he was once a communist’.__
It does not matter whether he comes or not = Whether he comes or not does not matter.
It is required that he should pay the fine = That he should pay the fine is required.
It is clear that he overheard our conversation = That he overheard our conversation is clear.
It is clear that you are not interested in this offer = That you are not interested in the offer is clear.
It doesn’t matter whether we buy it now or later = Whether we buy it now or later does not matter.
__Introductory it with seem, appear and look. Introductory it is also used with seem, appear and look when the subject is an infinitive phrase, a phrase with a gerund in it or a clause.__
- It looked doubtful whether she would come
- It seemed strange that she should behave like that.
- It seems possible that she may quit the job.
- It appeared unwise to offend him.
- It does not seem much good going on with the work.
__Introductory it as an object. It is sometimes used as the object of the verbs think, feel, deem, count, consider etc.__
- Don’t you think it dangerous to drive so carelessly?
- I consider it a privilege to have this opportunity of welcoming you.
- I think it odd that she doesn’t write to me these days.
- I think it a pity that she could not win.
- We think it improper that he should be so dictatorial.
- He made it clear what he wanted.
- I find it difficult to talk to him.
__Introductory it in questions. The introductory it is sometimes used in questions.__
- Who was it that broke the window?
==It is Peter who broke the window.
- Why was it that he stole the bread?
==It was because he was poor that he stole the bread.
- When was it that the manager came?
==It was at 10 am that the manager came.
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FINITIVE VERB.
A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tenses according to the ruler and categories of languages in which it occurs.
· Finite verb can form “Indenpendent Clause” which constand by their own as complete sentences
· An Independent clause is a complete sentences it contain the main subject and verb of asentences
· In English only verb in contain mob the finite.These includes.
→ Indicate mood : expressing state of appairs in indicative mood finite verb is must used verb.
Example : Elis is going to shop
→ Imperative mood , giving a command
example : Help me please !!!
Don't do that !!!
A finite verb (sometimes called main verbs) is a verb that has a subject, this means that it can be the main verb in a sentence. It shows tense (past / present etc) or number (singular / plural)
For example :
I lived in Germany. (I is the subject-lived describes what the subject did-lived is a finite verb).
Non-Finite Verb
A non-finite verb has no subject, tense or number. The only non-finite verb forms are the infinite (indicated by to), the gerund or the participle.
For example :
I lived in Germany to improve my German.(To improve is in the infinite form-improve is non-finite).
· Finite verb can form “Indenpendent Clause” which constand by their own as complete sentences
· An Independent clause is a complete sentences it contain the main subject and verb of asentences
· In English only verb in contain mob the finite.These includes.
→ Indicate mood : expressing state of appairs in indicative mood finite verb is must used verb.
Example : Elis is going to shop
→ Imperative mood , giving a command
example : Help me please !!!
Don't do that !!!
Verb – Finite / Non Finite
Finite VerbA finite verb (sometimes called main verbs) is a verb that has a subject, this means that it can be the main verb in a sentence. It shows tense (past / present etc) or number (singular / plural)
For example :
I lived in Germany. (I is the subject-lived describes what the subject did-lived is a finite verb).
Non-Finite Verb
A non-finite verb has no subject, tense or number. The only non-finite verb forms are the infinite (indicated by to), the gerund or the participle.
For example :
I lived in Germany to improve my German.(To improve is in the infinite form-improve is non-finite).
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NOUN PHRASE
1. Noun phrases is constraction function as subject and object .
2. Noun phrases is either a single noun or pronoun or any group of words
containing a noun or a pronoun that function together as a noun or pronoun, as the subject or object of a verb.
- Kinds of noun phrases :
a. Noun + Noun, example : Office boy
b. Verb + Noun, example : Take a bath
c. Gerund + Noun, example : Throwing ball
d. Pronoun + Noun, example : My book
e. Adjective + Noun, example : Black board
f. Determiner + Noun, example : A pen
- The noun phrases in English composed petenhally of 3 parts, there are :
a. Head : The most usual kind of head of a noun phrases.
b. Pre Modification : Consists of a number of word classes in a specific order.
c. Post Modification : Must commonly used not by specific word classes or subclasses.
Example 1 :
Inna : Do you like books ?
Artha : Yes, I like them.
Inna : Do you like books over there?
Artha : Yes, they are nice.
Inna : Do you like the book which I brought yesterday?
Artha : Yes, I like it.
Example 2 :
- Nicko was late
( Nicko is the noun phrase functioning as the subject of the verb)
- Some noun phrase are short :
* The student
- Some are long :
* The very tall education consultant.
2. Noun phrases is either a single noun or pronoun or any group of words
containing a noun or a pronoun that function together as a noun or pronoun, as the subject or object of a verb.
- Kinds of noun phrases :
a. Noun + Noun, example : Office boy
b. Verb + Noun, example : Take a bath
c. Gerund + Noun, example : Throwing ball
d. Pronoun + Noun, example : My book
e. Adjective + Noun, example : Black board
f. Determiner + Noun, example : A pen
- The noun phrases in English composed petenhally of 3 parts, there are :
a. Head : The most usual kind of head of a noun phrases.
b. Pre Modification : Consists of a number of word classes in a specific order.
c. Post Modification : Must commonly used not by specific word classes or subclasses.
Example 1 :
Inna : Do you like books ?
Artha : Yes, I like them.
Inna : Do you like books over there?
Artha : Yes, they are nice.
Inna : Do you like the book which I brought yesterday?
Artha : Yes, I like it.
Example 2 :
- Nicko was late
( Nicko is the noun phrase functioning as the subject of the verb)
- Some noun phrase are short :
* The student
- Some are long :
* The very tall education consultant.
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PREPOSITION IN, ON, AT
is there any that are still confused with in, on, at ..?
confused because they do not know how to use it ..?
often confused ..?
for those who can,
if you use it right ..?
sure ..?
if you are not sure..
do not worry, here we will study it together ..
come on guys..
check it out..!!hee
What are place prepositions?
Place prepositions , are prepositions that are used to describe the place or position of all types of nouns. It is common for the preposition to be placed before the noun. When we refer to Place prepositions we usually refer to "in", "at" and "on".
In - Is usually used to state that someone or something is in a (the boundaries can be physical or virtual place.
On - Is usually used to state someone or something is on top of a surface.
At - Is usually used to state something or someone is at a specific place.
1. The prepositions usually comes before the noun.
2. Prepositions can be used with all forms of nouns (e.g. collective nouns, pronouns etc).
3. Prepositions can't come after a verb, but can be used before a gerund or verb in noun form.
4. The rules above do not change and there are no exceptions to the rules.
We use :
* at for a PRECISE TIME
* in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
* on for DAYS and DATES
Prepositions of place are used to clarify a specific place. Place prepositions are used with all nouns. The preposition usually comes before the noun or the pronoun. The preposition never comes before a verb.
Common Place Prepositions:
aboard - She is aboard the boat.
above - The picture is above the sofa.
across - My house is across the street.
against - The desk is against the wall.
around - My house is around the block.
at - Is your house at the end of the street.
Time prepositions are used to define time. Prepositions usually come before a noun or pronoun. Prepositions never come after a verb.
* after - I will be there after work.
* around - We will be there around 3 PM
* before - I will be there before I go to school.
* between - I will be there
Use 'in' with spaces:
* in a room / in a building
* in a garden / in a park
Use 'in' with bodies of water:
* in the water
* in the sea
* in a river
Use 'in' with lines:
* in a row / in a line
* in a queue
Use 'at' with places:
* at the bus-stop
* at the door
* at the cinema
* at the end of the street
Use 'at' with places on a page:
* at the top of the page
* at the bottom of the page
Use 'at' in groups of people:
* at the back of the class
* at the front of the class
Use 'on' with surfaces:
* on the ceiling / on the wall / on the floor
* on the table
Use 'on' with small islands:
* I stayed on Maui.
Use 'on' with directions:
* on the left
* on the right
* straight on
In / at / on the corner
We say 'in the corner of a room', but 'at the corner (or 'on the corner') of a street'
In / at / on the front
* We say 'in the front / in the back' of a car
* We say 'at the front / at the back' of buildings / groups of people
* We say 'on the front / on the back' of a piece of paper
confused because they do not know how to use it ..?
often confused ..?
for those who can,
if you use it right ..?
sure ..?
if you are not sure..
do not worry, here we will study it together ..
come on guys..
check it out..!!hee
What are place prepositions?
Place prepositions , are prepositions that are used to describe the place or position of all types of nouns. It is common for the preposition to be placed before the noun. When we refer to Place prepositions we usually refer to "in", "at" and "on".
In - Is usually used to state that someone or something is in a (the boundaries can be physical or virtual place.
On - Is usually used to state someone or something is on top of a surface.
At - Is usually used to state something or someone is at a specific place.
How to use a prepositions?
1. The prepositions usually comes before the noun.
2. Prepositions can be used with all forms of nouns (e.g. collective nouns, pronouns etc).
3. Prepositions can't come after a verb, but can be used before a gerund or verb in noun form.
4. The rules above do not change and there are no exceptions to the rules.
We use :
* at for a PRECISE TIME
* in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
* on for DAYS and DATES
Prepositions of place are used to clarify a specific place. Place prepositions are used with all nouns. The preposition usually comes before the noun or the pronoun. The preposition never comes before a verb.
Common Place Prepositions:
aboard - She is aboard the boat.
above - The picture is above the sofa.
across - My house is across the street.
against - The desk is against the wall.
around - My house is around the block.
at - Is your house at the end of the street.
Time prepositions are used to define time. Prepositions usually come before a noun or pronoun. Prepositions never come after a verb.
* after - I will be there after work.
* around - We will be there around 3 PM
* before - I will be there before I go to school.
* between - I will be there
Use 'in' with spaces:
* in a room / in a building
* in a garden / in a park
Use 'in' with bodies of water:
* in the water
* in the sea
* in a river
Use 'in' with lines:
* in a row / in a line
* in a queue
Use 'at' with places:
* at the bus-stop
* at the door
* at the cinema
* at the end of the street
Use 'at' with places on a page:
* at the top of the page
* at the bottom of the page
Use 'at' in groups of people:
* at the back of the class
* at the front of the class
Use 'on' with surfaces:
* on the ceiling / on the wall / on the floor
* on the table
Use 'on' with small islands:
* I stayed on Maui.
Use 'on' with directions:
* on the left
* on the right
* straight on
IMPORTANT NOTES
In / at / on the corner
We say 'in the corner of a room', but 'at the corner (or 'on the corner') of a street'
In / at / on the front
* We say 'in the front / in the back' of a car
* We say 'at the front / at the back' of buildings / groups of people
* We say 'on the front / on the back' of a piece of paper
0
ASKING IF SOMEONE REMEMBER OR NOT
have you ever met an old friend and asked if he still remembers with you..??
all people must have felt this,,
now the thing is,,
how do we ask properly and people understand what we're talking about,
even more so,
to remind us they're on..
for more details, please click on the article Baca Selengkapnya ..hahaha
1. Formal expressions:
- I wonder if you remember.....
- You remember...., don’t you?
- You haven’t forgotten...., have you?
- Don’t you remember.....?
- Do you happen to remember it now?
* Ways to respond:
- Let me think, yes, I remember.
- I remember especially the scenery.
- I’ll never forget that
- I’ll always remember.
- I can remember it clearly.
2. Informal expressions:
- Remember the old house we used to live in?
- Remember that?
- I’m sorry I don’t remember
* Ways to respond:
- Hold on. Yes, got it!
- I know.....
- It’s coming back to me now.
* Respond if you forget:
- Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
- I’m afraid I forget.
- I really can’t remember.
- I’m afraid I have no memory of him
- Emmm, let me think. No, it’s gone.
- Sorry, it slipped off my mind.
all people must have felt this,,
now the thing is,,
how do we ask properly and people understand what we're talking about,
even more so,
to remind us they're on..
for more details, please click on the article Baca Selengkapnya ..hahaha
1. Formal expressions:
- I wonder if you remember.....
- You remember...., don’t you?
- You haven’t forgotten...., have you?
- Don’t you remember.....?
- Do you happen to remember it now?
* Ways to respond:
- Let me think, yes, I remember.
- I remember especially the scenery.
- I’ll never forget that
- I’ll always remember.
- I can remember it clearly.
2. Informal expressions:
- Remember the old house we used to live in?
- Remember that?
- I’m sorry I don’t remember
* Ways to respond:
- Hold on. Yes, got it!
- I know.....
- It’s coming back to me now.
* Respond if you forget:
- Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
- I’m afraid I forget.
- I really can’t remember.
- I’m afraid I have no memory of him
- Emmm, let me think. No, it’s gone.
- Sorry, it slipped off my mind.
0
PASSIVE VOICE
anyone who already knows what it is passive voice ..??
lift your hands ..??
now you try to explain and let you watch and match with my opinion,, so check it out,,
Passive Voice is very popular use, both in everyday conversations and in reading books. In the Indonesian language sentence is known as a verb beginning with di-(written, given, scolded, etc.). In the active sentence we may say so:
The teacher warned Nitha for being late. -> Teachers warned Nitha for being late.
But if we want to express this sentence in the passive voice, we will say:
Nitha was warned by the teacher for being late. -> Nitha warned by the teacher for being late.
(1) The sentence should have Object (Transitive Verb).
(2) Object in the active sentence becomes the subject in passive sentences.
(3) said his work should form the III (Past Participle) preceded by a to be (am, is, are, was, were the resource persons, been). And
(4) The structure of the sentence by tenses.
A. Simple Past Tense
Struktur —> Subject + was/were + Past Participle
Example :
(A) Fire destroyed the house. —> (P) The house was destroyed by fire.
B. Simple Present Tense
Stuktur —> Subject + am/is/are + Past Participle
Example :
(A) People all over the world speak English. —> (P) English is spoken all over the world.
C. Present Perfect Tense
Struktur —> Subject + have/has been + Past Participle
Example :
(A) The students have copied the lesson. —> (P) The lesson has been copied by the students.
D. Present Continuous Tense
Struktur —> Subject + am/is/are + being + Past Participle
Example :
(A) She is typing the letter. —> (P) The letter is being typed.
E. Simple Future Tense
Struktur —> Subject + shall/will be + Past Participle
Example :
(A) They will sign the contract next week. —> (P) The contract will be signed next week.
F. Passive Voice with Auxiliaries
Struktur —> Subject + aux + be + Past Participle
Example :
(A) He must finish the work today. —> (P) The work must be finished today.
lift your hands ..??
now you try to explain and let you watch and match with my opinion,, so check it out,,
Passive Voice is very popular use, both in everyday conversations and in reading books. In the Indonesian language sentence is known as a verb beginning with di-(written, given, scolded, etc.). In the active sentence we may say so:
The teacher warned Nitha for being late. -> Teachers warned Nitha for being late.
But if we want to express this sentence in the passive voice, we will say:
Nitha was warned by the teacher for being late. -> Nitha warned by the teacher for being late.
The rules for forming the passive voice,
(1) The sentence should have Object (Transitive Verb).
(2) Object in the active sentence becomes the subject in passive sentences.
(3) said his work should form the III (Past Participle) preceded by a to be (am, is, are, was, were the resource persons, been). And
(4) The structure of the sentence by tenses.
A. Simple Past Tense
Struktur —> Subject + was/were + Past Participle
Example :
(A) Fire destroyed the house. —> (P) The house was destroyed by fire.
B. Simple Present Tense
Stuktur —> Subject + am/is/are + Past Participle
Example :
(A) People all over the world speak English. —> (P) English is spoken all over the world.
C. Present Perfect Tense
Struktur —> Subject + have/has been + Past Participle
Example :
(A) The students have copied the lesson. —> (P) The lesson has been copied by the students.
D. Present Continuous Tense
Struktur —> Subject + am/is/are + being + Past Participle
Example :
(A) She is typing the letter. —> (P) The letter is being typed.
E. Simple Future Tense
Struktur —> Subject + shall/will be + Past Participle
Example :
(A) They will sign the contract next week. —> (P) The contract will be signed next week.
F. Passive Voice with Auxiliaries
Struktur —> Subject + aux + be + Past Participle
Example :
(A) He must finish the work today. —> (P) The work must be finished today.
0
News Item
who of you who subscribe to the newspaper every day ..?
do you read it ..?
or only the parents who read it ..?
everyone must have seen and heard the news ..
the problem ..
if you all can make a new news,.?
definitely for those who want to become a news writer will always be associated with this ..
so, who do not know, let's learn together..!!
__News item is factual text which infroms the readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important__
- Function of news item :
Social function of news items is to infrom readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.
- Generic structure:
* Newsworthy event(s) : recounts the events in summary form.
* Background event(s) : elaborate what happend , to WHOM, in WHAT circumstance.
* Sources : Comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event.
- Significant Granma features:
~ Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline.
~ Generally using Simple Past Tense
~ Use of material priocesses to retell the event
~ Using Action verbs, ex: run, go, kill, etc
~ Using saying verbs, ex: say, tell
~ Focus on circumstances
~ Use of projecting verbal processes in sources stage.
There an some rules that can help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible:
1. The passive voice is used without the appropriate from of “be’
2. It is unusual to find complex forms, generally the simple present form is used
3. The present progressive tense is used, usually to describe something that is changing or developing,but the auxiliary verb is usually left out.
4. To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive
5. Headlines are not always complete sentence
Linguistic features :
* Action verbs.
* Verbal verbs.
* Mental verbs.
* Temporal circumstances.
* Spatial circumstances.
* Specific participants.
- A headline is the text at the top of a newspaper article, indicating the nature of the article
below it.
Read some newspaper headlines below:
1. Michael Jackson’s last album “This is it” will be on the market in November.
2. Rupiah becomes stronger at the end of this week
do you read it ..?
or only the parents who read it ..?
everyone must have seen and heard the news ..
the problem ..
if you all can make a new news,.?
definitely for those who want to become a news writer will always be associated with this ..
so, who do not know, let's learn together..!!
__News item is factual text which infroms the readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important__
- Function of news item :
Social function of news items is to infrom readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.
- Generic structure:
* Newsworthy event(s) : recounts the events in summary form.
* Background event(s) : elaborate what happend , to WHOM, in WHAT circumstance.
* Sources : Comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event.
- Significant Granma features:
~ Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline.
~ Generally using Simple Past Tense
~ Use of material priocesses to retell the event
~ Using Action verbs, ex: run, go, kill, etc
~ Using saying verbs, ex: say, tell
~ Focus on circumstances
~ Use of projecting verbal processes in sources stage.
There an some rules that can help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible:
1. The passive voice is used without the appropriate from of “be’
2. It is unusual to find complex forms, generally the simple present form is used
3. The present progressive tense is used, usually to describe something that is changing or developing,but the auxiliary verb is usually left out.
4. To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive
5. Headlines are not always complete sentence
Linguistic features :
* Action verbs.
* Verbal verbs.
* Mental verbs.
* Temporal circumstances.
* Spatial circumstances.
* Specific participants.
- A headline is the text at the top of a newspaper article, indicating the nature of the article
below it.
Read some newspaper headlines below:
1. Michael Jackson’s last album “This is it” will be on the market in November.
2. Rupiah becomes stronger at the end of this week
0
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Descriptive text is available for a screen reader device to audibly describe a graph or map so a visually impaired user can understand the graphical information . Or to describe the characteristic of particular Person, thing , or place .
- Description: Gives the information of particular thing, person, or place being discussed or describes parts, qualities, or Characteristic.
b. The use of think person pronoun forms is used.
c. The use of focus specific human and non human participants.
d. The use of reasoning expressed as verbs or noun.
e. The use of material.
f. The use of relation and mental process.
b. Using detailed noun phrases to provide information on the subject.
c. Uses relating verbs to provide information on the subject.
d. Use the thinking and feeling verbs to reveal personal views about the subject
author.
e. Use action verbs.
f. Use adverbials to provide additional information.
g. Use figurative language such as simile, metaphor.
- Using linking verb and simple present tense,
- Epithet: adjective or adjective phrase,
- Attributive (the)
- Use a attributive and identifying process,
- Focus an specific participants,
- Frequent use of epithets and classified in nominal groups
Example of Descriptive Text
Jatim Park
for people in East Java, Jatim Park may have been heard many times as it is one of the famous tourism object in East Java province. Jatim Park offers a recreation place as well as a study center.
Jatim Park is located at Jl. Kartika 2 Batu, East Java. To reach the location is not too difficult because the object is only 2, 5 kilos meters from Batu city. This Jatim Park tourism object is about 22 hectares width.
Visitor can enjoy at least 36 kinds of facilities which can attract them as well as give new knowledge. Just after the pass gate, the visitors will find an interesting view of ‘Galeri Nusantara’ area. This study offering continues to step on ‘Taman Sejarah’ area, which contains of miniature temple in East Java like Sumberawan temple, customhouse of Kiai Hasan Besari Ponorogo and Sumberawan Statue.
The other facility which is able to be enjoyed is ‘Agro Park’ area. It presents crop and rareness fruits, animal diorama which consists of unique animals that have been conserved, and supporting games like bowling, throw ball, scooter disco, etc
Jatim Park is suitable for family and school recreation. The recreation area sites offer precious tour and can used as alternative media of study.
Textstructure:
- Identification: Identifies thing, person, place, phenomenon to be described.- Description: Gives the information of particular thing, person, or place being discussed or describes parts, qualities, or Characteristic.
Language figures:
a. Topic is usually about the attributes of a think.b. The use of think person pronoun forms is used.
c. The use of focus specific human and non human participants.
d. The use of reasoning expressed as verbs or noun.
e. The use of material.
f. The use of relation and mental process.
Characteristic:
a. Use the simple present tense.b. Using detailed noun phrases to provide information on the subject.
c. Uses relating verbs to provide information on the subject.
d. Use the thinking and feeling verbs to reveal personal views about the subject
author.
e. Use action verbs.
f. Use adverbials to provide additional information.
g. Use figurative language such as simile, metaphor.
Grammatical features:
- Who? What?- Using linking verb and simple present tense,
- Epithet: adjective or adjective phrase,
- Attributive (the)
- Use a attributive and identifying process,
- Focus an specific participants,
- Frequent use of epithets and classified in nominal groups
Example of Descriptive Text
Jatim Park
for people in East Java, Jatim Park may have been heard many times as it is one of the famous tourism object in East Java province. Jatim Park offers a recreation place as well as a study center.
Jatim Park is located at Jl. Kartika 2 Batu, East Java. To reach the location is not too difficult because the object is only 2, 5 kilos meters from Batu city. This Jatim Park tourism object is about 22 hectares width.
Visitor can enjoy at least 36 kinds of facilities which can attract them as well as give new knowledge. Just after the pass gate, the visitors will find an interesting view of ‘Galeri Nusantara’ area. This study offering continues to step on ‘Taman Sejarah’ area, which contains of miniature temple in East Java like Sumberawan temple, customhouse of Kiai Hasan Besari Ponorogo and Sumberawan Statue.
The other facility which is able to be enjoyed is ‘Agro Park’ area. It presents crop and rareness fruits, animal diorama which consists of unique animals that have been conserved, and supporting games like bowling, throw ball, scooter disco, etc
Jatim Park is suitable for family and school recreation. The recreation area sites offer precious tour and can used as alternative media of study.
0
Surprise or disbeliefs is :
SURPRISES & DISBELIEFS
- a feeling that we feel when we heard an amazing news which surprised and amazed us
- an expression that we show/say when we know/hear/see something that rather difficult to believe
- used to express something that we can’t or impossible.
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INVITATION (WRITTEN)
Have you ever throw a party or an event ? If so, would you ever make an invitation. And how do you invite someone for that person present in the event that you make ? Some people still don't know, how to invite someone with properly and correctly. Now, in my blog, I will give you a way how to invite someone with properly and correctly. Here I will discuss all of the invitations. Start from the meaning of invitation, until how to make invitation with properly and correctly.
INVITATIONS
Most spore invitation are in the farm of question they often begin with will,would,would you like to,would you care to,etc
INVITATIONS
Most spore invitation are in the farm of question they often begin with will,would,would you like to,would you care to,etc
0
ASKING FOR INFORMATION
Have you looking for information ? Everybody need information. So, how do you get information ? Just waiting for that information come by itself ? I think it's impossible. There's no way the news will come by itself. So, definitely you would asking for information with someone. Now, I will give you the material how to asking for information with someone.
Asking Information there are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English.
Asking Information there are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English.
0
DIRECT & INDRECT SPEECH
A. Direct speech
Direct speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact word oe saying exactly what someone has said(sometimes called quoted speech) here what a peson says appears within quotation marks (“….”) and should be word for word.
For example :
She said,”today’s lesson is on presentations.” Or
“Today’s lesson is on presentations,” she said.
B.Indirect speech
Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech),doesn’t use quotation marks to enclpse what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.
For example :
She said,”today’s lesson is on presentations.” Or
“Today’s lesson is on presentations,” she said.
B.Indirect speech
Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech),doesn’t use quotation marks to enclpse what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.
Langganan:
Postingan (Atom)
